Is the US Finally Embracing High-Speed Rail?
The United States, a nation of 340 million, boasts 71 interstate highways and over 5,000 public airports, yet it still lacks a high-speed rail (HSR) system. With two projects currently in development and more in the pipeline, there are signs that the US may be moving closer to aligning itself with the high-speed train networks prevalent in China, Japan, and Europe. According to Rick Harnish from the High Speed Rail Alliance, the progress on these initial projects is promising.
Current HSR Projects
Among the prominent projects is the high-speed rail line connecting San Francisco and Los Angeles, which presents significant geographic challenges due to California’s mountainous terrain. In contrast, the Las Vegas to Los Angeles route appears to be more straightforward, given its relatively flat topography. Additional plans include a connection between Portland, Oregon, and Seattle, Washington, extending to Vancouver, Canada, as well as another line linking Dallas and Houston.
Despite these advancements, Harnish cautions that the Portland-Seattle initiative is progressing slowly, while the future of the Texas line has grown uncertain after federal funding was withdrawn by the Trump administration, affecting a $63.9 million grant.
| Project | Status | Expected Completion |
|---|---|---|
| San Francisco to Los Angeles | Under Construction | 2033 |
| Los Angeles to Las Vegas | Under Construction | 2028 |
| Dallas to Houston | Uncertain | N/A |
By comparison, China’s high-speed rail network is set to surpass 50,000 kilometers (about 31,000 miles) this year, showcasing the rapid pace of HSR development in that country. Europe, with its 8,556 kilometers of HSR lines, continues to invest in its infrastructure, with Spain leading at 3,190 kilometers. Meanwhile, the United Kingdom operates only one major HSR line, although the High Speed 2 project is underway between London and Birmingham, albeit with funding hurdles.
Challenges Facing HSR in the US
While there is no strict definition of high-speed rail, the International Union of Railways suggests that trains must travel over 250 km/h (155 mph) to meet HSR standards. Will Doig, an American rail industry journalist, notes the cultural barriers in the US, suggesting that a car-centric culture has contributed to resistance against rail projects. Additionally, government investment in rail has waned.
The resignation of Amtrak CEO Stephen Gardner last month adds complexity to the HSR landscape. Amtrak currently does not operate any high-speed trains, but it plans to introduce 28 new 160 mph NextGen Acela trains on its Northeast Corridor later this year. However, only about 50 miles of the 457-mile route can accommodate speeds exceeding 150 mph. Furthermore, Amtrak is not partaking in the construction of the high-speed lines in California and Nevada, which are spearheaded by state and private entities, respectively.
Looking Ahead
Globally, 23 nations have established high-speed rail systems, highlighting an urgent call from Harnish’s organization to integrate HSR into the US. However, the infrastructure requires strict safety measures, including sealed corridors free of highway crossings. While China continues to expand its network, benefiting economically from the connections it establishes, the US remains hesitant.
According to Kaave Pour of 21st Europe, the growth of Europe’s HSR network is indicative of long-term public infrastructure investments, emphasizing that the US must embrace a cultural shift towards public transportation if it hopes to realize its HSR ambitions. Harnish believes that robust federal involvement is crucial for the success of HSR in America.
However, with political barriers and funding cancellations looming—such as the recent withdrawal of federal grant options for the Dallas-Houston project—enthusiasm for high-speed rail may wane. Manufacturing executive Scott Sherin raises concerns over whether there is sufficient political will to prioritize rail investment compared to other transportation methods. As the potential for collaboration with China diminishes amidst geopolitical tensions, the future of HSR in the US remains uncertain.
